usage agreement
The STS-AD is freely available for unlimited use, so long as it is not altered, and the authors are given credit through citation of the AutomotiveUI 2020 paper (see below). If you do use STS-AD, please let us know, since we are continuing to refine and validate the scale, and your experience and your results will be very helpful.
Situational Trust Scale for Automated Driving (STS-AD): Development and Initial Validation. Brittany E. Holthausen, Philipp Wintersberger, Bruce N. Walker, and Andreas Riener. To be presented @ the 12th International Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications, 2020, Washington DC, USA
The Scale | Der Fragebogen
| Nr | Item | Abbrev. |
| 1 | I trust the automated vehicle in this situation | Trust |
| 2 | I would have performed better than the automated vehicle in this situation | Performance |
| 3 | In this situation, the automated vehicle performs well enough for me to engage in other activities (such as reading) | NDRT |
| 4 | The situation was risky | Risk |
| 5 | The automated vehicle made an unsafe judgement in this situation | Judgement |
| 6 | The automated vehicle reacted appropriately to the environment | Reaction |
| Nr | Frage | Abkürzung |
| 1 | Ich vertraue dem automatisierten Fahrzeug in dieser Situation | Trust |
| 2 | Ich hätte diese Situation besser gemeistert als das automatisierte Fahrzeug | Performance |
| 3 | Wenn das automatisierte Fahrzeug so arbeitet wie in der gezeigten Situation, fällt es mir leicht etwas Anderes (z.B. Lesen) zu tun. | NDRT |
| 4 | Diese Situation war riskant | Risk |
| 5 | Das automatisierte Fahrzeug hat diese Situation schlecht beurteilt | Judgement |
| 6 | Das automatisierte Fahrzeug hat richtig auf diese Situation reagiert | Reaction |
Downloads
STS-AD Excel Sheet and Evaluation English Version
STS-AD Excel 1997-2003 Sheet and
Evaluation English Version
STS-AD Exceldokument mit
Evaluationstool Deutsche Version
STS-AD Excel 1997-2003 Dokument mit
Evaluationstool Deutsche Version
We will include a download of our AutomotiveUI 2020 Paper containing the statistical analysis after presentation at the conference!
Evaluation | Auswertung
We suggest to assess the scale on a 7-point Likert scale from 1 (fully disagree) to 7 (fully agree).
To calculate the final score, items 2 (Performance), 4 (Risk), and 5 (Judgement) must be reversed (inverted). Afterwards, the STS-AD score is determined by calculating the mean of the 6 items. In
our initial evaluation, the scale yielded a reliability (Cronbach's alpha) of .839.
Wir empfehlen den Fragebogen auf einer 7-Punkte Likert Skala bereitzustellen, von 1 (stimme gar nicht zu) bis 7 (stimme voll und ganz zu).
Um den finalen STS-AD score zu berechnen, müssen die Fragen 2 (Performance), 4 (Risk) und 5 (Judgement) invertiert werden. Anschließend kann der Mittelwert ermittelt werden. In unserer initialen Evaluierung erzielten wir eine Reliabilität (Cronbach's alpha) von .839.